Qendra e Studimeve Detare e Arkeologjise Nenujore (QSDAN) The name translates to "Centre of Marine and Underwater Archaeology Studies". This is a private non-profit organisation founded in September 2001, located in Durres, co-operating with the Italian universities in Genova, Venezia, Pisa, Bari and Sassari. Rr. "Deshmoret", Pall. 959, Lagja 17, Durres, Albania The president and contact person is a researcher in classical archaeology and can be contacted as below, in Albanian, Italian or English: Adrian Anastasi, Via Astengo 4/2 c.a.p., 17100 Savona (SV), Italy Home Tel. ++39-19812158, Mobile Tel. ++39-3471061469, E-mail adranast@tin.it
Underwater archaeology was initiated with the investigations of lakeside
pile dwellings in the 1860s. Österreichische
Geschellschaft für Feuchtboden- und Unterwasserarchäologie, e-mail: oegfu-triton@gmx.net
Centre de Recherches Archéologiques Fluivales, rue Edmond Picard 22, B-1050 Brussels. Phone +32-2-3459141, Fax +32-2-3439507 This is an independent centre, headed by Marc Jasinski (updated 2002), specialising in the archaeology of inland waters, mostly in Wallony (Southern Belgium). Working closely with the Archaeology Directorate of the local government. Recently conducted a major survey of the river Meuse bed, also have other current projects.
Centre of Underwater Archaeology, Sozopol 8130, Bulgaria Every few years organising an international symposium "Thracia Pontica". Read about Thracia Pontica VIII, 2003. More info may be found through the newsletter Archaeologia Bulgarica.
Underwater Archaeology Department, Management of Cultural and Natural Heritage, Ministry of Culture, Illica 44, 10000 Zagreb. Phone: + 385 1 484 9444 Fax: + 385 1 484 9445
Maritime archaeology was initiated around 1860 with the investigation of the Nydam Boats. Wrecks older than 100 years (counting from the sinking) are
automatically protected and may not be touched. See
Nordic legislation. Danish Board of Antiquities (Kulturarvstyrelsen). This is the highest authority responsible for all Danish archaeology on land and under water. If you are a scuba diver and find a new wreck, you should report it here. This authority maintains the national wreck positions database. Underwater archaeology is (2002) managed by Torben Malm, tma@kuas.dk. Institute of Maritime Archaeology (Nationalmuseets Marinarkæologiske Undersøgelser, NMU), Box 304, DK-4000 Roskilde. tel +45-4635 6429, fax +45-4632 2477. This authority maintains the national wreck archives. Besides this institute in Roskilde, underwater archaeology is also administered locally by the museums in Bangsbo, Moesgård, Thorsminde and Langeland. Until 2003 there was also the Centre for Maritime Archaeology (Nationalmuseets Marinarkæologiske Forskningscenter, NMF). This was an independent research institute, connected to the National Museum. In 2003 this centre ceased to exist and merged with the Institute of Maritime Archaeology, described above. Until 2003, the National Forest and Nature Agency (Skov- og Naturstyrelsen), was responsible for keeping and maintaining a register of the Danish cultural heritage on the Sea-bed, and responsible for the protection of these sites and wrecks. This responsibility is now placed at the Danish Board of Antiquitiew (Kulturarvstyrelsen). For archive search, you may visit the Royal Library or the National Archives in Copenhagen.
Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Estonia
is slowly documenting its coastlines. Most areas have never been dived on
or investigated, since most coastal areas were military territory since
World War II. Estonian State Maritime Museum, Tel +372-641 14 09, Fax:
+372-641 14 14. The National Heritage Board is charged with the direction of conservation activity and state supervision, identification and protection of monuments and objects of cultural value and maintaining the national register of cultural monuments.
In Finland, it is illegal to touch wrecks older than 100 years. Before any wreck diving,
the coast guard must be notified. Unauthorised diving and pillage of historic wrecks may render up to
two years in prison. See Nordic legislation. Finnish National Board of Antiquities, PO Box 913, FIN-00101 Helsinki. Tel + 358 9 40501, Fax + 358 9 405 0300. This is the highest authority responsible for all Finnish (except Åland) archaeology on land and under water. National Maritime Museum of Finland, Helsinki. The museum is responsible for all underwater archaeology in Finland, except for Åland. The museum is keeping the national computerised wreck register with about 1200 wrecks, and expanding, however not on Internet. Tel. +358-9-40501, fax +358-9-4050 9060 The province of Åland is partly independent from the rest of Finland, and has its own legislation. Åland has its own wreck register with about 270 documented wrecks. On Åland, it is generally forbidden to dive anywhere, except for arranged excursions through licensed dive centres. Contact the Provincial Museum (Ålands museum), PO Box 60, FIN-22101 Mariehamn, Åland. Tel +358-18-25000. In English:
In Swedish:
French underwater archaeology has developed since the introduction of the aqualung
ans scuba diving in the 1940s. Département des recherches archéologiques subaquatiques et sous-marines (DRASSM), Fort Saint-Jean, F-13235 Marseille Cedex 02. Tel: +33-91 14 28 00, Fax: +33-91 14 28 14, Directeur Jean-Luc Massy (updated 2002), conservateur général du patrimoine. (dealing with coastal and open-sea sites) DRASSM Eaux Interiéurs, 58 bis rue des Marquisats, 74000 Annecy Cedex (dealing with internal waters such as lakes and rivers) Commission Nationale d'Archéologie (CNA), 35 anse du Pharo, F-13007 Marseille. Tel: +33-4-91 83 87 58 Groupe de Recherce d'Archéologie Sous-marine (GRASM), 35 anse du Pharo, 13007 Marseille (training archaeological divers) Groupe de Recherche en Archéologie Navale (GRAN) Commission Régionale Corse d'Archéologie Sous-Marine, 22 rue d'Iena, Ajaccio, Corsica Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, offers archival research, e.g. at Département des Manuscrits and Département des Cartes Archives Nationales, CARAN, 11, rue des Quatre-Fils, F-75003 Paris. Tel. +33-1-40 27 64 19, Fax +33-1-40 27 66 01. Offers archival research. Service historique de la marine, Ministère de la Défense, château de Vincennes, B.P.n 2, F-00300 ARMEES. Tel +33-1-43 28 81 50 (French Navy archives) Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (IFREMER) (deals with all kinds of oceanographic research) Droit et archéologie, Bernard-Olivier Clist Google for "Législation sur les biens culturels maritimes".
Legislation differs between the 16 federal states of Germany, and authorities are independent of each other. Few authorities are represented on internet, here is more info:
The earliest Greek underwater archaeology survey was in 1884 when divers tried to loctate the site of the naval battle of Salamis in 480 BC. In order to protect historic wrecks, recreational scuba diving is generally forbidden in Greece. Contacts: Hellenic Institute of Marine Archaeology (sometimes bad connection) (HIMA), 4 Al. Soutsou St., 10671 Athens. Tel: +301-36.03.662, fax: +301-64.50.033, email hima@greeklink.com or hima@greeklink.gr. More info. Hellenic Institute for the Preservation of Nautical Tradition (HIPNT), Skra 94, Kallithea, 17673 Athens. tel: +30-1-9514291 and +30-1-9594185, e-mail: hmarine@hol.gr Anistoriton, independent Greek archaeology web site
In the Republic of Ireland, license is required to search for, survey or dive on an archaeological site or wreck more than 100 years old. Such sites are protected by the 1987 amendment to the National Monuments Act extending the definition of archaeological sites to include those underwater. In Northern Ireland (UK), shipwrecks are protected by the Protection of Wrecks Act 1973. Objects found in the sea or on the shore must be reported to the The Receiver of Wreck, Coastguard Agencey, Spring Place, 105 Commercial Rd, Southampton SO15 1EG.
Italian underwater archaeology has developed since the 1920s when the Nemi
Ships were located and raised. ASSONET and Archaeogate are the major webservers on Italian underwater archaeology, offering good info. Other contacts:
Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Latvia is
slowly documenting its coastlines. Most areas have never been dived on or
investigated, since most coastal areas were military territory since World
War II. Center of Archaeology, State Inspection for Heritage Protection of Lavia, Klostera iela 5/7, LV-1050 Riga. tel +371-7326609, fax +371-7228808, email to Dr. Juris Urtans (updated 2002): jurtan@parks.lv Underwater archaeology in Latvia during the last decade, 2001, by Voldemars Rains, Jurmala Museum Underwater archaeology in Latvia, 1996, by Voldemars Rains, Jurmala Museum
Since independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Lithuania
is slowly documenting its coastline. Most areas have never been dived on or
investigated, since most coastal areas were military territory since World
War II. Dept of Navigation History, Center of Marine Culture, Mr Romas Adomavicius (updated 2002), The Maritime Museum, Box 72, 5800 Klaipeda. Centre of Cultural Heritage, Asmenos 10, Vilnius 2600, tel +3702 622926, fax +3702 222191
During a survey in 2002, a 9000 year-old tree was located on 20 m depth, using side scan sonar. This indicated the ancient coastline.
Archaeological Society of Malta
Since the 1930s the Dutch have reclaimed large tracts of sea. The province of Flevoland, is an example of land that was part of the Zuider Zee Lake, until a dam was built in 1932. More than 400 wrecks have been found on land in such polder areas. The finds are often very well preserved, having been covered by silt for centuries. The Ancient Monuments Act, (1985, revised 1988) protects any site that is at least 50 years old and which can be considered of cultural interest. Finds of shipwrecks at sea are to be reported to the Ministry of Culture. Finds on land are to be reported to the local municipal authorities.
Nederlands Instituut voor Scheeps
en Onderwaterarcheologie (ROB/NISA) and Rijksmuseum voor Scheepsarcheologie, Postbus
510, NL-8200 AM Lelystad. Tel: +31-320-269700, Fax: +31-320-269750. Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek (ROB), tel +31-33-4227777 fax +31-33-4227799 Landelijke Werkgroep Archeologie Onder Water (society), email nico@niria.nl Maritime Archaeology in the Netherlands (presentation) Between frugality and eclecticism – management of an archaeological cornucopia, Thijs J. Maarleveld
Wrecks older than 100 years (counting from the sinking) belong to the state, are automatically
protected and may not be touched. See Nordic
legislation. Directorate for Cultural Heritage (Riksantikvaren). This is the highest authority responsible for all archaeology on land and under water. There are five institutions responsible for the protection of maritime cultural heritage:
Each of these museums is responsible for a wreck register for that region. If you are a scuba diver and find a new wreck, you should report it to the nearest of those museums or the local police. In Norwegian:
Since the democratic change in 1989, Poland is slowly
documenting its coastlines. Most areas have never been dived on or
investigated, since most coastal areas were military territory since World
War II. National Maritime Museum (Centralne Muzeum Morskie), ul.
Szeroka 67/68, 80-835, Gdansk. Tel: +48-58-3016938, fax: +48-58-3018453. Faculty of Historical sciences, Nicholas Copernicus University, in Torun, is responsible for archaeology research in rivers and lakes. ArchWEB, useful reference
Centro Nacional de Arqueologia Náutica e Subaquática (CNANS), Instituto Português de Arqueologia, tel +351-(0)1-3623799, fax +351-(0)1-3630529, email cnans@ipa.min-cultura.pt (sometimes slow connection to the web server) Centro de Arqueologia Subaquática dos Açores, Azores. Législation et géstion du patrimoine archéologique nautique et subaquatique au Portugal, F. J. S. Alves Biblioteca Nacional, Lisbon, offers research Spero in Deos, Arquivos e Arqueologia, Brazil, offers fine info
Romanian Cultural Heritage (CIMEC) - Institute for Cultural Memory, Bucharest, Romania
Institute of the History of Material Culture, Dvortsovaja nab 18, 191065 St Petersburg, tel: +7-812-462 6069, fax: +7-812-311 6271, email to Petr Sorokin Maritime Archaeology in northwest Russia (presentation) Skythia, edited by Vladimir Eremenko, offers plenty of Russian archaeology info. Archeologija v internet, edited by Valery Bulgakov, offers plenty of Russian and Ukrainian archaeology links.
The Underwater Archaeological research in the area of present day Slovenia started already in 1884, when the custodian of Landesmusem Rudolfinum in Laibach/present-day Ljubljana ordered the investigations of the Ljubljanica Riverbed near the site of Roman Nauportus/Vrhnika, some 20 km from Ljubljana. The job was conducted by the k.u.k. Kriegsmarine hard-hat divers from the Pola naval base. The investigations proceeded in early 1960s with the excavations at the site of Roman port in Fisine near Portorose, directed by Elica Boltin Tome from Maritime Museum "Sergej Masera" and were continued at different sites by Peter Petru, the Head of Slovenian National Museum in early 80s. In 1992, Andrej Gaspari and Miran Eric initiated the "Underwater archaeology division". In November 2002 the Head of the Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia designated the "UNDERWATER ARCHAEOLOGY COMMISSION", which consists of archaeologists working within the research field of Underwater Archaeology (Dr. Andrej Gaspari, Mag. Miran Eric, Peter Cerce, dr. Timotej Knific and Snjezana Karinja) The highest authority for underwater archaeology:Underwater Archaeology
Commission, Institute for the Protection of Cultural Heritage of Slovenia,
Metelkova 4, p.b. 1571, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia Others:Underwater Archaeology Division (An independent institution, directed by
Andrej Gaspari and Miran Eric specialising in the archaeology of Slovenian inland
waters (projects in the Ljubljanica, Sava, Drava and other rivers, alpine lakes of
Bohinj and Bled), and maritime environment (Roman ports on the north west coast of
Istria). The division established close contacts with Croatian colleagues
(collaboration within the field of photogrammetrical recording of ancient shipwrecks
and river surveying). University of Primorska,
Science and research centre Koper, Institute for Mediteranean Heritage, SI - 6000
Koper, Slovenia, Garibaldijeva 1, tel. +386 5 663 77 00, fax. +386 5 663 77 10 National Museum, Muzejska 1, SI - 1000
Ljubljana. Maritime Museum "Sergej Masera",
Cankarjevo nabrezje 3, SI - 6330 Piran,
Underwater archaeology in Spain has developed since the 1950s. Hacía la normalización de la arqueologia subaquática en España, Xavier Nieto (presentation) Spanish maritime archaeology is well described in INJA 29.2 2000. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Arqueológicas Submarinas (CNIAS) & Museo de Arqueologia Maritima de Cartagena, Dique de Navidad s/n, 30290 Cartagena, Tel: +34-968-50 84 15, Fax: +34-968-52 96 92. This is the national research centre. Centre d'Arqueologia Subaquàtica de Catalunya (CASC), Pedret 95, 17007 Girona. Tel. +34-972-20 66 31, Fax. +34-972-21 04 54 Centre d'Arqueologia Subaquàtica Comunitat Valenciana (CASCV), Av. de la Mediterrànea s/n, 12530 Port de Burriana (Castellón). Tel +34-964-58 66 24, email: M99005@centres.cult.gva.es Centro Andaluz de Arqueología Submarina (CAS), Duque de Najera 3, 11071 Cadiz. Phone.+34-956-226034, Fax: +34-956-222372 University of Madrid, Dept of Prehistory and Archaeology, (?) archaeology info and links. Archivo General de Indias (AGI), Seville, offers archival research. Achivo General de la Marina, Museo Naval, Madrid, archival research Archivo General de Simancas, Valadolid/Simanca, archival research Arqueohispania, web portal with general info
Along the Swedish coasts, about 10 000 ships are known to have sunk during the last 300 years. Of them, about 1200 have been found and registered, in the national wreck register at the National Maritime Museum in Stockholm. This museum also investigates reported finds, for many years headed by Bert Westenberg, who is now (2012) retired. Wrecks older than 100 years (counting from the sinking)
belong to the state, are automatically protected and may not be touched. See
Nordic legislation. Swedish National Board of Antiquities (RAÄ), tel +46-8-783 90 00, fax +46-8-783 97 59. This is the highest authority responsible for all archaeology on land and under water, conducting research and authorizing research investigating reported finds in Sweden. The field archaeology section is called RAÄ-UV. According to law, a building contractor must have the site examined by archaeologists before starting to build, on land as well as under water. Any resulting excavation is paid for by the contractor. If you are a scuba diver and find a new wreck, you should report it to the National Board of Antiquities, or to the police or Coast Guard. You are also recommended to report to the wreck register at the National Maritime Museum. For archive search, you may also visit visit the National Maritime Museum library and the National Archives. Presentation:
In Swedish:
Switzerland is not connected to the sea, but has several large lakes with a long history of navigation. Underwater archaeology was initiated with the investigations of Zürich Lake and Bieler Lake submerged settlements in the 1850s. Contacts: Gesellschaft für Schweizer Unterwasser-Archäologie, Postfach 279, CH-8053 Zürich SUSV Kontaktstelle Unterwasser-Archäologie, Schweizer Unterwasser-Sport-Verband, In den Zielbäumen 6, CH-4143 Dornach. Tel. + 41 61 701 84 63, Fax. +41 61 701 86 83 Arbeitsgruppe für experimentelle Archäologie der Schweiz (AEAS), Schweizerisches Landesmuseum, Sektion Archäologie, Hardturmstrasse 185, 8005 Zürich. Tel.: +41-1-218 68 21, Fax: +41-1-272 19 65 Unterwasserarchäologie, Zürich
Dept of Archaeology, University of Kiev Read more about projects at the Black Sea Archeologija v internet, edited by Valery Bulgakov, offers plenty of Russian and Ukrainian archaeology links. Diving club “Navarex”, diving club active in the Black Sea
Underwater heritage is recorded by the RCHME in England, the RCAHMS in Scotland, and the RCAHMW in Wales.
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