Subject: comp.mail.sendmail Frequently Asked Questions (Part 2 of 2)
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comp.mail.sendmail
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Last updated March 24, 1997
Copyright 1996, by Brad Knowles, all rights reserved
This FAQ is edited and maintained by Brad Knowles .
The official archive for all FAQs posted to
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Since this server tends to be extremely busy, as an alternative,
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Additional alternative access methods are detailed within.
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This FAQ has now been split into two parts, to try and make it easier
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Comments/updates should be sent to <sendmail-faq@etext.org>.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Date: March 24, 1997
Subject: Table of Contents
Table of Contents
=================
PART ONE
========
0. TO DO
1. COPYRIGHT NOTICE / REDISTRIBUTION REQUIREMENTS
2. INTRODUCTION / MISCELLANEOUS
2.1 What is this newsgroup?
2.2 What is the scope of this FAQ?
2.3 Where can I find the latest version of this FAQ?
2.4 How do I access comp.mail.sendmail by email?
2.5 Where can I ask email-related DNS questions?
2.6 How can I subscribe to these newsgroups?
2.7 Which version of sendmail should I run?
2.8 What is the latest release of sendmail?
2.9 Where can I find it?
2.10 What are the differences between Version 8 and other versions?
2.11 What's the best platform for running sendmail?
2.12 What is BIND and where can I get the latest version?
2.13 What is smrsh and where can I get it?
2.14 What is smap and where can I get it?
2.15 What is TCP-Wrappers and where can I get it?
2.16 Why won't db 1.85 build for my SGI running Irix >= 5.2?
2.17 What is makemap and where can I get it?
3. VERSION 8 SPECIFIC ISSUES
3.1 How do I make all my addresses appear to be from a single host?
3.2 How do I rewrite my "From:" lines to read ``First_Last@My.Domain''?
3.3 So what was the user database feature intended for?
3.4 Why are you so hostile to using full names for email addresses?
3.5 Where do I find this user database (UserDB) code?
3.6 How do I get the user database to work with Pine or with FEATURE(always_add_domain)?
3.7 How do I manage several (virtual) domains?
3.8 There are four UUCP mailers listed in the configuration files. Which one should I use?
3.9 How do I fix "undefined symbol inet_aton" and "undefined symbol _strerror" messages?
3.10 How do I solve "collect: I/O error on connection" errors?
3.11 Why can't my users forward their mail to a program?
3.12 Why do connections to the SMTP port take such a long time?
3.13 Why do I get "unknown mailer error 5 -- mail: options
MUST PRECEDE recipients" errors?
3.14 Why does version 8 sendmail panic my SunOS box?
3.15 Why does the "From " header gets mysteriously munged
when I send to an alias?
3.16 Why doesn't MASQUERADE_AS (or the user database) work
for envelope addresses as well as header addresses?
3.17 How do I run version 8 sendmail and support the MAIL11V3 protocol?
3.18 Why do messages disappear from my queue unsent?
3.19 When is sendmail going to support RFC 1522 MIME header encoding?
3.20 Why can't I get mail to some places, but instead always get the error
"reply: read error from name.of.remote.host"?
3.21 Why doesn't "FEATURE(xxx)" work?
3.22 How do I configure sendmail to not use DNS?
3.23 How do I get all my queued mail delivered to my Unix
box from my ISP?
PART TWO
========
4. GENERAL SENDMAIL ISSUES
4.1 Should I use a wildcard MX for my domain?
4.2 How can I set up an auto-responder?
4.3 How can I get sendmail to deliver local mail to $HOME/.mail instead
of into /usr/spool/mail (or /usr/mail)?
4.4 Why does it deliver the mail interactively when I'm trying to get it to go into queue only mode?
4.5 How can I solve "config error: mail loops back to myself" messages?
4.6 Why does my sendmail process sometimes hang when connecting over a SLIP/PPP link?
4.7 How can I summarize the statistics generated by sendmail in the syslog?
4.8 How can I check my sendmail.cf to ensure that it's re-writing addresses correctly?
4.9 What is procmail, and where can I get it?
4.10 How can I solve "cannot alias non-local names" errors?
5. VENDOR/OS SPECIFIC SENDMAIL ISSUES
5.1 Sun Microsystems SunOS/Solaris 1.x/2.x
5.1.1 How can I solve "line 273: replacement $3 out of bounds" errors?
5.1.2 How can I solve "line 445: bad ruleset 96 (50 max)" errors?
5.1.3 Why does version 8 sendmail (< 8.7.5) sometimes hang under Solaris 2.5?
5.1.4 Why can't I use SunOS/Solaris to get email to certain large sites?
5.2 IBM AIX
5.2.1 The system resource controller always reports sendmail as "inoperative". What's wrong?
5.2.2 Why can't I use AIX to get email to some sites?
5.2.3 Why can't I get sendmail 8.7.1 to use MX records with AIX 3.2.5?
6. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION SOURCES (RFC 1807 bibliography format)
6.1 Reference material devoted exlusively to sendmail
6.2 Reference material with chapters or sections on sendmail
6.3 Reference material on subjects related to sendmail
6.4 World-wide web index pages on sendmail
6.5 World-wide web index pages Internet email in general
6.6 Online tutorials for sendmail
6.7 Online archives of mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups,
relating to Internet email
7. THANKS!
------------------------------
Date: July 9, 1996
Subject: Q4.1 -- Should I use a wildcard MX for my domain?
If at all possible, no.
Wildcard MX records have lots of semantic "gotcha"s. For example,
they will match a host "unknown.your.domain" -- if you don't
explicitly test for unknown hosts in your domain, you will get "config
error: mail loops back to myself".
See RFCs 1535, 1536, and 1912 (updates RFC 1537) for more detail
and other related (or common) problems. See also _DNS and BIND_ by
Albitz and Liu.
They can also cause your system to add your domain to outgoing
FQDNs in a desperate attempt to get the mail to where it's supposed to
go, but because *.your.domain is valid due to the wildcard MX,
delivery to not.real.domain.your.domain will get dumped on you, and
you may even find yourself in a loop as the domain keeps getting
tacked on time after time after time (the "config error: mail loops
back to myself" problem).
Wildcard MX records are just a bad idea, plain and simple.
They don't work the way you'd expect, and virtually no one gets
them right. Avoid them at all costs.
------------------------------
Date: March 23, 1996
Subject: Q4.2 -- How can I set up an auto-responder?
This is a local mailer issue, not a sendmail issue. Depending on
what you're doing, look at procmail (see Q4.9), ftpmail, or Majordomo.
The latest version of Majordomo can be found at
. It is written in Perl and
requires either Perl 4.036, and appears to run with only minor tweaks
under 5.001a or later. Make sure to check out the web interface for
Majordomo called "Mailserv" at
or "LWGate" at . The
latest versions of Perl (both 4.x and 5.x) can be found in
. More information about Perl
can be found at
The latest version of ftpmail can be found at
or any comp.sources.misc
archive (volume 37).
------------------------------
Date: July 9, 1996
Subject: Q4.3 -- How can I get sendmail to deliver local mail to
$HOME/.mail instead of into /usr/spool/mail (or /usr/mail)?
Again, this is a local mailer issue, not a sendmail issue. Either
modify your local mailer (source code will be required) or change the
program called in the "local" mailer configuration description to be a
new program that does this local delivery. One program that is
capable of doing this is procmail (see Q4.9), although there are
probably many others as well.
You might be interested in reading the paper ``HLFSD: Delivering
Email to your $HOME'' available in the Proceedings of the USENIX
System Administration (LISA VII) Conference (November 1993). More
information is at ,
while the actual archive of the papers is at
(tar archive,
gzip'ed).
------------------------------
Date: March 23, 1996
Subject: Q4.4 -- Why does it deliver the mail interactively when I'm
trying to get it to go into queue only mode?
Or, I'm trying to use the "don't deliver to expensive mailer"
flag, and it delivers the mail interactively anyway. I can see it
does it: here's the output of "sendmail -v foo@somehost" (or Mail -v
or equivalent).
The -v flag to sendmail (which is implied by the -v flag to Mail
and other programs in that family) tells sendmail to watch the
transaction. Since you have explicitly asked to see what's going on,
it assumes that you do not want to to auto-queue, and turns that
feature off. Remove the -v flag and use a "tail -f" of the log
instead to see what's going on.
If you are trying to use the "don't deliver to expensive mailer"
flag (mailer flag "e"), be sure you also turn on global option "c" --
otherwise it ignores the mailer flag.
------------------------------
Date: January 17, 1997
Subject: Q4.5 -- How can I solve "config error: mail loops back to
myself" messages?
I'm getting these error messages:
553 relay.domain.net config error: mail loops back to myself
554 ... Local configuration error
How can I solve this problem?
You have asked mail to the domain (e.g., domain.net) to be
forwarded to a specific host (in this case, relay.domain.net)
by using an MX record, but the relay machine doesn't recognize
itself as domain.net. Add domain.net to /etc/sendmail.cw (if you
are using FEATURE(use_cw_file)) or add "Cw domain.net" to your
configuration file.
IMPORTANT: When making changes to your configuration file, be
sure you kill and restart the sendmail daemon (for ANY change in the
configuration, not just this one):
kill `head -1 /etc/sendmail.pid`
sh -c "`tail -1 /etc/sendmail.pid`"
NOTA BENE: kill -1 does not work with versions prior to 8.7.y!
With version 8.8.z sendmail, if the daemon was started up with
a full pathname (i.e., "/usr/lib/sendmail -bd -q13m"), then you
should be able to send it a HUP signal ("kill -1", or more safely,
"kill -HUP") and have it reload itself (version 8.7.y sendmail
cannot do this safely, and represents a security risk if it's not
replaced with version 8.8.3 or later).
------------------------------
Date: March 23, 1996
Subject: Q4.6 -- Why does my sendmail process sometimes hang when
connecting over a SLIP/PPP link?
I'm connected to the network via a SLIP/PPP link. Sometimes my
sendmail process hangs (although it looks like part of the message has
been transfered). Everything else works. What's wrong?
Most likely, the problem isn't sendmail at all, but the low level
network connection. It's important that the MTU (Maximum Transfer
Unit) for the SLIP connection be set properly at both ends. If they
disagree, large packets will be trashed and the connection will hang.
------------------------------
Date: November 24, 1996
Subject: Q4.7 -- How can I summarize the statistics generated by
sendmail in the syslog?
This question is addressed on page 319 of _sendmail_ by Bryan
Costales.
An updated version of this syslog-stat.pl script (so that
it understands the log format used in version 8 sendmail) is
at . The
updated version of ssl has been uploaded to the SMTP Resources
Directory (in ),
as well as .
There is also another program (written by Bryan Beecher) at
.
If you're interested in summarizing POP statistics, there is
, also written by
Bryan Beecher.
To see what else is available today, check the Comprehensive Perl
Archive Network or
for the site nearest you.
For the scripts themselves, look under CPAN/scripts/mailstuff/ at
any CPAN site. For more information, see the comp.lang.perl.*
FAQs at or
.
There is also the "Sendmail Statistics Project" which has a web
page at . Although they have
examples online of what the output might look like, it now appears
that this project is either dead or at least indefinitely on hold.
Still, you may be able to talk to the authors in order to get what
code from them you can.
If you're interested in using these kinds of tools to help
you do some near real-time monitoring of your system, you might be
interested in MEWS (Mail Early Warning System). From the README:
If you've ever written a perl script to parse sendmail
log files looking for errors, MEWS might be of interest to
you. If you've ever thought about writing a perl script to
munge sendmail log files, cringed a little and hurriedly
came up with an excuse not to do it, read on.
If you don't have a Solaris 2.5 machine, you can probably
stop reading here.
The Mail Early Warning System (MEWS) gives postmasters
immediate notification of trouble spots on your mail
backbone. It only works with sendmail.
To explain it in a nutshell, whenever sendmail returns a
4xx or 5xx SMTP code, with the MEWS modifications, it also
sends the code over UDP to a daemon which then replays the
error message to interested parties. The man pages go into
a little bit more detail.
If this sounds like something you might be interested in
getting more details about, you can find the MEWS archive at
.
------------------------------
Date: July 9, 1996
Subject: Q4.8 -- How can I check my sendmail.cf to ensure that it's
re-writing addresses correctly?
The recommended program for this is "checksendmail" by Rob
Kolstad. Old versions of this are available on various archive sites,
but currently, the only way to get the most recent version (which has
been updated to understand version 8.7 long option name syntax, as
well as now supporting both Perl 4.x and Perl 5.x) is from Rob
himself.
The latest archive will be made publicly available (most likely
through the SMTPRD run by Andras Salamon; see Q6.5, entry
sendmail-faq//online/index/14) as soon as it is received.
------------------------------
Date: July 9, 1996
Subject: Q4.9 -- What is procmail, and where can I get it?
The program "procmail" is a replacement for the local mailer
(variously called /bin/mail, /usr/bin/mail, mail.local, rmail,
etc...). It has been ported to run on virtually every OS you're
likely to run into, and has a whole host of features. It is typically
about 30% faster performing the job of the local mailer than programs
such as /bin/mail or /usr/bin/mail, it has been hammered on widely to
make it extremely secure (much more so than most local mailers) and
very robust. Procmail is also capable of helping you put a quota on a
user's mailbox through the standard Unix quota mechanism (see Q4.3).
In short, whatever you've got, you're almost guaranteed that
procmail is better (if nothing else, the author has been able to focus
lots of time and energy into making it the best and fastest tool
available, while most system vendors just throw something together as
fast as they can and move on to the whole rest of the OS).
However, this only begins to scratch the surface of what procmail
is capable of. It's most important feature is the fact that it gives
you a standard way to create rules (procmail calls them "recipes") to
process your mail before the messages get put into your mailbox, and
for that feature alone, it is one of the most important tools any
administrator can have in their repertoire. By filtering out or
automatically dealing with 80% of your daily cruft, it lets you spend
more time on the hard 20%.
Note that recent releases of version 8 sendmail natively support
using procmail as an alternate local mailer (see
"FEATURE(local_procmail)" for version 8.7 and above). They also
support procmail as an additional local mailer, if you're concerned
about flat-out replacing your current local mailer with procmail (see
"MAILER(procmail)" in version 8.7 and above).
You can also install procmail as a user and run it out of your
.forward file, although this tends to be a bit slower and less
efficient.
The latest version of procmail can be found at
.
Procmail is also the core to a mailing list management package
called "SmartList", so if you've already got procmail, adding
SmartList may be a good option. Some listowners prefer Majordomo,
Listserv, or one of those other programs, but SmartList has more than
a few adherents as well. Your personal tastes will dictate whether
you swear by SmartList or at it.
------------------------------
Date: March 24, 1997
Subject: Q4.10 -- How can I solve "cannot alias non-local names"
errors?
I upgraded from my vendor's sendmail to the latest version and
now I'm getting these error messages when I run "newaliases":
/etc/aliases: line 13: MAILER-DAEMON... cannot alias non-local names
/etc/aliases: line 14: postmaster... cannot alias non-local names
How can I solve this problem?
Your local mailer doesn't have the "A" flag specified. Edit the
Mlocal line in sendmail.cf and add "A" to the flags listed after
"F=".
Better yet, if you're running a recent version of sendmail
that uses m4 to generate .cf files from .mc files, regenerate your
sendmail.cf and see if that fixes the problem. Remember to install
the new sendmail.cf and restart the sendmail daemon.
------------------------------
Date: March 23, 1996
Subject: Q5.1.1 -- How can I solve "line 273: replacement $3 out of
bounds" errors?
When I use sendmail V8 with a Sun config file I get lines like:
/etc/sendmail.cf: line 273: replacement $3 out of bounds
the line in question reads:
R$*<@$%y>$* $1<@$2.LOCAL>$3 user@ether
what does this mean? How do I fix it?
V8 doesn't recognize the Sun "$%y" syntax, so as far as it is
concerned, there is only a $1 and a $2 (but no $3) in this line. Read
Rick McCarty's paper on "Converting Standard Sun Config Files to
Sendmail Version 8", in the contrib directory (file
"converting.sun.configs") in the latest version 8 sendmail
distribution for a full discussion of how to do this.
------------------------------
Date: March 23, 1996
Subject: Q5.1.2 -- How can I solve "line 445: bad ruleset 96 (50 max)"
errors?
When I use sendmail V8 on a Sun, I sometimes get lines like:
/etc/sendmail.cf: line 445: bad ruleset 96 (50 max)
what does this mean? How do I fix it?
You're somehow trying to start up the old Sun sendmail (or
sendmail.mx) with a version 8 sendmail config file, which Sun's
sendmail doesn't like. Check your /etc/rc.local, any procedures that
have been created to stop and re-start the sendmail processes, etc....
Make sure that you've switched everything over to using the new
sendmail. To keep this problem from ever happening again, try the
following (make sure you're logged in as root):
mv /usr/lib/sendmail /usr/lib/sendmail.old
ln -s /usr/local/lib/sendmail.v8 /usr/lib/sendmail
mv /usr/lib/sendmail.mx /usr/lib/sendmail.mx.old
ln -s /usr/local/lib/sendmail.v8 /usr/lib/sendmail.mx
chmod 0000 /usr/lib/sendmail.old
chmod 0000 /usr/lib/sendmail.mx.old
Assuming, of course, that you have installed sendmail V8 in
/usr/local/lib/sendmail.v8.
------------------------------
Date: May 23, 1996
Subject: Q5.1.3 -- Why does version 8 sendmail (< 8.7.5) sometimes
hang under Solaris 2.5?
In moving from Solaris 2.4 to Solaris 2.5, the kernel changed its
name and is now in /kernel/genunix instead of /kernel/unix, so
_PATH_UNIX in conf.h is pointing to the wrong place.
If you can't upgrade to the latest release of sendmail 8.8.z,
the next best thing to do is change _PATH_UNIX in conf.h (in the
solaris2 part) to point to the generic interface /dev/ksyms, like so:
# define _PATH_UNIX "/dev/ksyms"
------------------------------
Date: November 24, 1996
Subject: Q5.1.4 -- Why can't I use SunOS/Solaris to get email to
certain large sites?
This is most likely a problem in your resolver libraries
(DNS, /etc/hosts, NIS, etc...). Older Sun (and Solaris?) resolver
libraries allocated enough room for only five IP addresses for each
host name, and if any program ever ran across a name with more than
five IP addresses for it, the program would crash.
For example, this would keep you from getting mail to CompuServe,
since (at the time of this writing) they list eleven IP addresses
for mx1.compuserve.com (one of the named MXes for compuserve.com).
This will affect you even if you use version 8 sendmail, since
it's a problem in the resolver libraries, and not in sendmail itself.
You should either get patches to the resolver libraries from
Sun, or the latest version of BIND (see Q2.12) and install their
resolver library routines. Between the two, installing BIND is a
bit more work, but it typically gives you much more up-to-date code
to help you resist attacks to your systems, more capable programs
to be used for serving the DNS (including support for IPv6 and
several other features), and some very useful utility programs.
------------------------------
Date: July 5, 1996
Subject: Q5.2.1 -- The system resource controller always reports
sendmail as "inoperative". What's wrong?
When I use version 8 sendmail on an IBM RS/6000 running AIX, the
system resource controller always reports sendmail as "inoperative",
even though it's actually running. What's wrong?
When running as a daemon, sendmail detaches from its parent
process, fooling the SRC into thinking that sendmail has exited. To
fix this, issue the commands:
kill `head -1 /etc/sendmail.pid`
chssys -s sendmail -f 9 -n 15 -S -a "-d99.100"
# use "-d0.1" in sendmail 8.6.x
startsrc -s sendmail -a "-bd -q30m"
# your sendmail args may vary
Now the SRC should report the correct status of sendmail. If you
are using version 8.6.x, use "-d0.1" instead of "-d99.100" (the debug
options changed somewhat in version 8.7). In 8.6.x a side-effect of
the "-d0.1" option is that a few lines of debug output will be printed
on the system console every time sendmail starts up.
For more information, read up on the System Resource Controller,
the lssrc command and the chssys command in the online AIX
documentation.
------------------------------
Date: May 23, 1996
Subject: Q5.2.2 -- Why can't I use AIX to get email to some sites?
When I use IBM's sendmail on an IBM RS/6000 running AIX trying to
get to certain sites, it seems that I can get to some of them and not
others. What's wrong?
There are two possible problems here:
1) Your version of sendmail is not configured to recognize MX
records in the DNS. Search through your sendmail.cf
looking for "OK MX" or "OK ALL". Older configurations had
this line commented out, and this will cause mail from you
to some sites to fail (because those sites have MX
records, but no A records in their DNS for the specific
Fully Qualified Domain Name you're trying to mail to).
For more information, see the comp.unix.aix FAQ
.
2) There is a negative caching bug in AIX 3.2.5 with
/usr/sbin/named executables that are less than 103000
bytes long. Ask your IBM representative to give you PMP
3251, or the most recent patch that fixes this problem for
your particular configuration and version of the OS.
------------------------------
Date: July 5, 1996
Subject: Q5.2.3 -- Why can't I get sendmail 8.7.1 to use MX records
with AIX 3.2.5?
IBM, in their infinite wisdom, provided a header file that would
easily mis-compile. This resulted in the struct{} for the DNS query
to be mis-allocated, and MX processing would barf.
Fix 1) upgrade to 8.7.5 - this has a code fix for this problem.
Fix 2) Install the BIND 4.9.4 libraries and include files and
tweak the Makefile.AIX to use them - I *think* these Get It Right (if
not, at least it'll die during compile rather than failing weirdly at
runtime).
Fix 3) Hack Makefile.AIX to pass a -DBIT_ZERO_ON_LEFT to cause the
headers to use the right #ifdefs.
------------------------------
Date: January 21, 1997
Subject: Q6 -- Additional information sources
This probably isn't in strict RFC 1807 format, but I'm getting
closer. Unfortunately, the format detailed in RFC 1807 was never
intended to be used in this fashion, so I'm doing a bit of square-peg
fitting into round holes.
Note that the publisher ids that I've assigned should not be
misconstrued to imply that I have actually published all these
documents, it's just that I need some sort of reasonable entry for the
RFC 1807 "ID" field, and in lieu of information to the contrary
indicating what the actual publishers have registered, I have assigned
my own, independant, "third-party" IDs. Hopefully, the bibliographic
entries below make it obvious who the real publishers of the various
documents are.
6.1 Reference material devoted exlusively to sendmail
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/reference/1
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference manual, available online in printable format
REVISION:: January 21, 1997; Updated URL & mailing list info
TITLE:: Sendmail Installation and Operation Guide
AUTHOR:: Allman, Eric
CONTACT:: Eric Allman
InReference, Inc.
NASA Ames Technology Commercialization Center
155-A Moffett Park Drive, Suite 104
Sunnyvale, CA 94089
Phone: 1+408 541-7615
Fax: 1+408 734-4946
DATE:: November 19, 1995
PAGES:: 69
RETRIEVAL:: Contents of manual is in doc/op/op.ps of sendmail source
archive
KEYWORD:: version 8.7.5 sendmail
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: {g|n}roff "me" macro format version is in doc/op/op.me
See: URL:http://www.sendmail.org/
ABSTRACT::
The documentation written by Eric Allman himself, comes with the
sendmail distribution. The file in doc/op/op.me (nroff "me" macro
format) may have a different number of pages depending on the type of
device it is printed on, etc....
Eric provides his free consulting in the form of continuing
development on sendmail, and occasional posts to comp.mail.sendmail.
Please don't be so rude as to ask him to provide further free
consulting directly to you. If you (or your company) is willing to
compensate his for his consulting time, he may be willing to listen.
At the very least, you should make sure you've exhausted all other
courses of action before resorting to adding another message to the
thousands he gets per day.
Check the sendmail home page at for
late-breaking updates and other useful information.
If you want to be notified regarding future updates to sendmail and
other items of potential interest, you may want to subscribe to the
sendmail-announce mailing list. Address your subscription requests
to "majordomo@lists.sendmail.org" with "subscribe sendmail-announce"
as the body of the message.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/reference/1
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-056-2
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
REVISION:: January 21, 1997; Updated info re: 2nd Ed.
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
TITLE:: sendmail
AUTHOR:: Costales, Bryan
AUTHOR:: Allman, Eric
AUTHOR:: Rickert, Neil
CONTACT:: Bryan Costales
O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
103 Morris Street, Suite A
Sebastapol, CA 95472
Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries)
800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders)
707-829-0515 (local/overseas)
DATE:: November, 1993
PAGES:: 792
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1993 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights
reserved.
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/sendmail.html
ABSTRACT::
The definitive reference for version 8 sendmail.
At least three printings of first edition have come out, and the
information above is for the first printing.
As of yet, this book has not been updated to include versions of
sendmail after 8.6.4.
Bryan provides his consulting to the world in the form of his book,
unless you're willing to compensate him for his services as well.
Like Eric, you should make sure you've exhausted all other courses of
action before you spend any of his valuable time.
The second edition has now been published (focussing exclusively
on version 8.8 sendmail), with an ISBN of 1-56592-222-0. It has
been expanded to 1,050 pages long and expanded coverage of many
new topics too numerous to name.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-056-2
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-55558-127-7
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
REVISION:: Sep 9, 1996; fixed typo
TITLE:: Sendmail: Theory and Practice
AUTHOR:: Avolio, Frederick M.
AUTHOR:: Vixie, Paul A.
CONTACT:: Fred Avolio , Paul Vixie
Digital Press
225 Wildwood Avenue
Woburn, MA 01801, USA
Ordering Info: voice 1 800 366 2665
fax 1 800 446 6520
DATE:: 1994
PAGES:: 262
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) by 1995 Butterworth-Heinemann
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.vix.com/vix/smtap/
ABSTRACT::
Centers more on IDA sendmail (at least partly because version 8 didn't
exist when they began the book). Written more like a college
Sophomore or Junior level textbook.
While you'll probably never let the Costales book out of your grubby
little hands (especially if you do much work with version 8 sendmail),
this is a book you'll probably read once or maybe twice, learn some
very valuable things, but then likely put on a shelf and not read or
reference again (unless you have to write up a bibliographic entry for
it). Makes a better introduction to sendmail for management types,
especially if you don't want them getting their hands on too much
"dangerous" technical information. Also a *lot* smaller and less
imposing.
If possible, I recommend getting both, but if you can only get one,
get Costales unless you're going to be working exclusively with IDA
sendmail, in which case Avolio & Vixie will probably be more useful.
Note that Paul Vixie is extremely busy working on further development
of BIND, the Internet de facto standard program for serving the DNS,
upon which all Internet services depend, mail being only one of them.
Like Eric and Bryan, he's also very busy. Unless you're willing to
compensate him for his services, please let him get real work done.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-55558-127-7
6.2 Reference material with chapters or sections on sendmail
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-13-151051-7
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
REVISION:: May 23, 1996; Updated abstract.
TITLE:: Unix System Administration Handbook, Second Edition
AUTHOR:: Nemeth, Evi
AUTHOR:: Snyder, Garth
AUTHOR:: Seebass, Scott
AUTHOR:: Hein, Trent R.
CONTACT::
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
DATE:: January, 1995
PAGES:: 780
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1995 by Prentice Hall PTR
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.admin.com/
ABSTRACT::
Still the best hands-on Unix System Administration book around.
Covers far more than just sendmail, but the sixty-four pages (pages
455-518 in the third printing) it does devote are very well written
and quite useful. Also provides a version of Rob Kolstad's
checksendmail script on the accompanying CD-ROM.
Note that Eric Allman and Marshall Kirk McKusick wrote the Foreword
for the Second Edition. This should give you at least an inkling as
to how essential this book is, even for experienced Unix
administrators.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-13-151051-7
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-201-58629=0
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; Changed ID format to include ISBN,
moved URL to NOTES field from OTHER_ACCESS field,
also updated ABSTRACT
REVISION:: March 29, 1996; Updated ID, PAGES, COPYRIGHT, and ABSTRACT
TITLE:: Practical Internetworking With TCP/IP and UNIX
AUTHOR:: Carl-Mitchell, Smoot
AUTHOR:: Quarterman, John S.
CONTACT::
Addison Wesley Publishing Company
Computer Science & Engineering Division
One Jacob Way
Reading, MA 01867
USA
Orders: voice://800-822-6339 (USA)
fax://617-942-1117
DATE:: 1993
PAGES:: 476
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1993 by Addison-Wesley Publishing
Company, Inc.
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See URL:http://heg-school.aw.com/cseng/authors/mitchell/
practical/practical.html
ABSTRACT::
Devotes 50 pages (most of chapter 8) to discussion of sendmail. As
far as TCP/IP networking books go that also happen to discuss
sendmail, it seems well-written and clear (better than I recall Hunt's
book being), but rather dated in the face of books devoted to the
topic and all the recent development activity in the sendmail
community. Forget about the references, though. The newest
sendmail-related reference listed is dated 1983, ten years before the
date on this book and most certainly wildly out-of-date now.
There are other books written on the subject of Internetworking with
TCP/IP (most notably Comer), but this particular book seems to have a
unique mix of theory (if perhaps a bit dated) and practical advice.
Other books tend to have lots of one or the other, or split their
theory and nitty-gritty details into separate books in a series (like
Comer).
Assuming that an update will be coming out soon, it probably deserves
a place on the shelf of most System or Network Administrators, right
next to _Internetworking with TCP/IP_ by Comer, _Managing Internet
Information Services_ by Liu, et. al., _DNS and BIND_ by Albitz and
Liu, _Unix System Administration_ by Nemeth, et. al., and last, but
certainly not least, _sendmail_ by Costales. However, it deserves
this place more because of the non-sendmail related material, as
opposed to what sendmail-related material there is.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-201-58629-0
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-82-X
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; Changed ID format to include ISBN,
moved URL to NOTES field from OTHER_ACCESS field
TITLE:: TCP/IP Network Administration
AUTHOR:: Hunt, Craig
CONTACT:: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
103 Morris Street, Suite A
Sebastapol, CA 95472
Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries)
800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders)
707-829-0515 (local/overseas)
DATE:: August, 1992
PAGES:: 502
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/tcp.html
ABSTRACT::
The book I learned sendmail from when there was no other book in print
that even mentioned the name.
Here primarily for historical purposes, especially with respect to the
sending of Internet mail and the DNS. Some of the other TCP/IP
networking stuff is relevant, but this book is getting more and more
dated as time goes by.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-82-X
6.3 Reference material on subjects related to sendmail
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-010-4
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
REVISION:: January 21, 1997; Updated info re: 2nd Ed.
TITLE:: DNS and BIND
AUTHOR:: Albitz, Paul
AUTHOR:: Liu, Cricket
CONTACT:: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
103 Morris Street, Suite A
Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries)
800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders)
707-829-0515 (local/overseas)
DATE:: October 1992
PAGES:: 418
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1992 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. All rights
reserved.
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/dns.html
ABSTRACT::
As definitive as Costales is on sendmail, this book is on the subject
of the Domain Name System (DNS) and the most common server software
for the DNS, namely BIND.
It hasn't been updated yet to reflect the massive changes that
happened with BIND 4.9.3 (and the recent flurry of related activity in
the DNS community), but even as old as it is, it still stands the test
of time as the one book *every* DNS/Domain Administrator should have
on their shelf.
Since the sending of Internet mail is so very heavily dependant on the
DNS, it obviously also belongs on the shelf of any Postmaster or
System Administrator whose site does Internet email. And that means
virtually every administrator of every site on the Internet.
This book has recently been updated with a second edition, ISBN
1-56592-236-0 and 438 pages. It includes updated discussion of
BIND 4.9.4, as well as many other topics.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/1-56592-010-4
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-93-5
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Reference book, hardcopy
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; Changed ID format to include ISBN,
moved URL to NOTES field from OTHER_ACCESS field
TITLE:: Managing UUCP and Usenet
AUTHOR:: Todino, Grace
AUTHOR:: O'Reilly, Tim
CONTACT:: O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.
103 Morris Street, Suite A
Order by phone: 800-998-9938 (US/Canada inquiries)
800-889-8969 (US/Canada credit card orders)
707-829-0515 (local/overseas)
DATE:: January 1992
PAGES:: 368
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: See: URL:http://www.ora.com/gnn/bus/ora/item/muucp.html
ABSTRACT::
The definitive book for installing and managing UUCP.
The general assumption with version 8 sendmail is that virtually no
one uses UUCP to send email anymore, but if that assumption isn't true
for you, then you probably need this book.
END:: sendmail-faq//book/ISBN/0-937175-93-5
6.4 World-wide web index/resource pages on sendmail
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/10
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online sendmail index
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: comp.mail.sendmail FAQ Support Page
AUTHOR:: Knowles, Brad
CONTACT:: Brad Knowles
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.his.com/~brad/sendmail/
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Support Page for this FAQ.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/10
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/17
ENTRY:: March 25, 1996
TYPE:: Online sendmail index
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: comp.mail.sendmail Most Frequently Asked Questions Support Page
AUTHOR:: Assman, Claus
CONTACT:: Claus Assmann
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.informatik.uni-kiel.de/~ca/email/english.html
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Most Frequently Asked Questions on comp.mail.sendmail and their
answers. Also has some links to a few other resources.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/17
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/11
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online sendmail index
REVISION:: May 23, 1996; Updated abstract.
TITLE:: Henry's sendmail Page!
AUTHOR:: Farkas, Henry
CONTACT:: Henry Farkas
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://newstand.ims.advantis.com/henry/sendmail.html
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Has collected a few direct pointers to a few places, although I prefer
to either have pointers to well-known index sites and let them do the
hard work for me or do myself the work of making my site one of those
well-known indexes.
Still, worth taking a look at.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/11
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/resources/22
ENTRY:: November 24, 1996
TITLE:: IICONS Sendmail Resources
AUTHOR:: Caloca, Paul
CONTACT:: Paul Caloca
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1996 Paul Caloca. All Rights Reserved.
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.iicons.com/sendmail/index.html
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Provides information on how to compile Sendmail and the NEWDB
db.1.85 for Solaris 2. Also has a section on which Sun patches
update Solaris 2 to BIND 4.9.3.
Has pointers to some non-Sun/Solaris sendmail resources, especially
including CERT Advisories related to sendmail.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/22
6.5 World-wide web index pages and other reference on Internet
email in general
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/12
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online general Internet email index
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: Internet Mail Consortium web site
CORP-AUTHOR:: Internet Mail Consortium
CONTACT::
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.imc.org/
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
If it has to do with Internet email, you'll probably find it here or a
link to it from here.
They have or have information on email-related Usenet FAQs, RFCs,
Internet Drafts (documents that are in the process of becoming RFCs),
IETF Working Groups, security standards, and are running a few
email-related mailing lists.
Tends to be focussed on the standards issues.
If you care about Internet email, you should make it your duty in life
to check this site frequently.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/12
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/13
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online general Internet email index
REVISION:: August 20, 1996; Updated URL.
TITLE:: Email References
AUTHOR:: Wohler, Bill
CONTACT:: Bill Wohler
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.worldtalk.com/html/msg_resources/email_ref.html
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
The most exhaustive index site I know of for Internet email related
documents outside of the Internet Mail Consortium.
Also has pointers to other organizations that relate to Internet
email, such as the Electronic Messaging Association and the European
Electronic Messaging Association.
Tends to be focussed on the server and standards issues.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/13
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/14
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online general Internet email index
REVISION:: June 28, 1996; Added acronym for SMTPRD
TITLE:: SMTP Resources Directory (SMTPRD)
AUTHOR:: Salamon, Andras
AUTHOR:: Knowles, Brad
CONTACT:: Andras Salamon
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.dns.net/smtprd/
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Another good index site, but still very much in the early phases of
gestation. Based very heavily on the DNS Resources Directory, also by
Andras Salamon, at .
A well-rounded site, for the amount of material it covers so far.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/14
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/index/15
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online general Internet email index
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: E-Mail Web Resources
AUTHOR:: Wall, Matt
CONTACT:: Matt Wall
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://andrew2.andrew.cmu.edu/cyrus/email/email.html
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Another good index site, tends to be more focussed on client side and
LAN email packages. Also lists some email services, which no one else
that I've seen appears to have taken the time to catalog.
Excellent side-by-side feature comparison of various MUAs and their
compliance with various Internet protocols.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/index/15
6.6 Online tutorials for sendmail
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/9
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online sendmail tutorial
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: Sendmail V8: A (Smoother) Engine Powers Network Email
AUTHOR:: Reich, Richard
CONTACT:: Richard Reich
DATE:: February 8, 1996
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1995 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.unixworld.com/unixworld/archives/95/tutorial/
008/008.txt.html
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: UnixWorld Online: Tutorial: Article No. 008
ABSTRACT::
Good technical introduction. Some useful references. Notably does
not reference this FAQ as a place to get more information.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/article/9
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/16
ENTRY:: March 23, 1996
TYPE:: Online sendmail tutorial
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: Sendmail -- Care and Feeding
AUTHOR:: Quinton, Reg
CONTACT:: Reg Quinton
Computing and Communications Services
The University of Western Ontario
London, Ontario N6A 5B7
Canada
DATE:: March 24, 1992
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:ftp://ftp.sterling.com/mail/sendmail/uwo-course/
sendmail.txt.Z
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: Postscript version also available. See ftp://ftp.sterling.com/
mail/sendmail/uwo-course/sendmail.ps.Z
ABSTRACT::
Dated. Only here until I find better.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/16
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/tutorial/21
ENTRY:: March 27, 1996
TYPE:: Online sendmail tutorial
TITLE:: Explosion in a Punctuation Factory
AUTHOR:: Bryan Costales
CONTACT:: Becca Thomas
DATE:: January 1994
COPYRIGHT:: Copyright (c) 1995 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
All Rights Reserved.
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.unixworld.com/unixworld/archives/94/tutorial/
01/01.txt.html
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
Good introduction on how sendmail re-write rules work.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/article/21
6.7 Online archives of mailing lists and Usenet newsgroups,
relating to Internet email
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/18
ENTRY:: March 25, 1996
TYPE:: Online Usenet newgroup archive
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: DejaNews
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.dejanews.com
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: Archives/indexes only Usenet news.
ABSTRACT::
The first, and still most focussed, Usenet news archive/index site.
Others archive/index news as well as other things, but none that I've
seen do it better.
Go to "Power Search" then "Query Filter" if you wish to restrict the
newsgroups you search on to something like just comp.mail.sendmail and
not all newsgroups.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/18
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/19
ENTRY:: March 25, 1996
TYPE:: Online Usenet newgroup archive
REVISION:: March 27, 1996; moved URL from RETRIEVAL field to
OTHER_ACCESS field.
TITLE:: AltaVista
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.altavista.digital.com
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: Archives/indexes Usenet news and World-wide web pages.
ABSTRACT::
One of the leading indexes of world-wide web pages, and their
archive/index of Usenet news is obviously secondary.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/19
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/20
ENTRY:: March 25, 1996
TYPE:: Online Usenet newgroup archive
REVISION:: July 9, 1996; Additional information based on experience
TITLE:: InReference
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.reference.com
LANGUAGE:: English
NOTES:: Not officially online yet, in final stages of beta
ABSTRACT::
Has promise to be the best Usenet news/publicly accessible mailing
list index/archive site in the world. We'll see how well it delivers
on this promise. It's in the final stages of beta testing (and is now
open to the public), and seems quite solid. I haven't yet figured out
how to really make proper use of the underlying power I'm sure is
there, but it looks good. Of course, you'll need to wait a little
while as they backfill their archives before searches will turn up all
that much information, but it already compares favourably to DejaNews.
Some of the best minds I know of are working on this project, so if it
can be done, I figure they can do it.
END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/20
BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1
ID:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/21
ENTRY:: May 24, 1996
TYPE:: Online archive of spam/junkmail
TITLE:: list-managers spam discussion archives
AUTHOR:: Gilman, Al
CONTACT:: Al Gilman
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:http://www.access.digex.net/~asgilman/spam/
OTHER_ACCESS:: URL:ftp://www.access.digex.net/~asgilman/spam/
LANGUAGE:: English
ABSTRACT::
These collections of past mail from the list-managers discussion list
can be retrieved by ftp or HTTP.
For anonymous ftp, open ftp.digex.net and cd to
/pub/access/asgilman/spam.
For http, G)o to http://www.access.digex.net/~asgilman/spam/ In this
directory you will find, _inter alia_, two files which are mail
folders:
spam -- collects examples of spams
spam-NOT -- collects discussion of spam countermeasures
END:: sendmail-faq//online/archive/21
------------------------------
Date: July 9, 1996
Subject: Q7 -- THANKS!
Special thanks to:
Eric Allman The core of the material here comes from
his FAQ for version 8.6.9 sendmail. I
couldn't even have gotten started were it
not for him. And if he hadn't written
sendmail, there obviously wouldn't even
be a FAQ. Heck, there might not even be an
Internet.
Paul Southworth Provides FAQ posting services, useful
comments on various sections, and the
mailclient-faq. I couldn't have kept
doing this were it not for his help.
Ed Ravin Virtually all the material regarding the
use of sendmail on AIX is his, and most
of it has been carried over verbatim.
Thanks also to:
Neil Hoggarth, Andras Salamon, Johan Svensson, Christopher X.
Candreva, Bill Wohler, Matthew Wall, Henry W. Farkas, Claus
Assmann, Curt Sampson, Rebecca Lasher, Jim Davis, David Keegel,
Betty Lee, Alain Durand, Walter Schweizer, Christophe Wolfhugel,
Al Gilman, Valdis Kletnieks, John Gardiner Myers, Paul DuBois,
Adam Bentley, Dave Sill, Dave Wreski, Paul Caloca, Eamonn
Coleman, Michael Fuhr, Betty Lee, Derrell Lipman, and the
readers and posters of comp.mail.sendmail.
------------------------------
Comments/updates should be sent to .
Copyright 1996, by Brad Knowles, all rights reserved
End of comp.mail.sendmail Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ), part 2 of 2
***********************************************************************