Wrecks & shipfinds of Western & inland Europe

• Pesse logboat, Netherlands. Found on land, dated to ca 6300-7000 BC. 3 m long and made of pine tree. Described in an article by Detlev Ellmers in The Earliest Ships (Conway Maritime Press 1996).
• Logboats of French inland. Three different finds have been made in the Seine valley area near Paris. The finds were made between 1984 and 1994. They are C14 dated to between 6400 and 7200 BC. Report. Replicas have been made by GRAS. Ref Philippe Bonnin: Découverte de deux pirogues monoxyles mésolithiques entre Corbeil-Essonnes (Essonne) et Melun (Seine-et-Marne).
• Hardinxveld-Giessendam logboat, Netherlands. Excavated on land in 1998, 5.5 m long, dated to c 5000 BC.
• Huelva River find. In 1923 bronze objects from a ship cargo was found when dredging the estuary of the Huelva River, Spain, northwest of Gibraltar. The finds are dated to 7th century BC. Ref Kenneth Hudson: The Book of Shipwrecks (Macmillan 1979).
• Lipe riverboat. Found in the Ljubljana Moor in Slovenia in 1891. The 30 m long flat-bottomed barge was located under 4 m of turf where once had been a riverbed.
• The Oberstimm ships. In 1986 two Roman ships were found near the Roman fort Oberstimm near Ingolstadt, Germany. The bottoms of both are preserved to their full lengths 14-15 m. Dendro-dated to 90-100 AD. Being conserved at the Museum of Ancient Shipping, Mainz.
• Bevaix Boat. Lake Neuchatel, Switzerland. Found in 1970. Roman 4 m long boat made of oak, dated to 2nd century AD.
• Lecker Au logboat. Parts were found 1953 in the Lecker Creek, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Original length may have been 13 m. There are traces of a mast foot, so it probably had sail. C14 dated to 160±44 AD. Ref Ellmers: Frühmittelalterliche Handelsshiffahrt in Mittel- und Nordeuropa.
• Bruges boat, Belgium. Found when digging a canal in 1899. Radiocarbon dated to ca 200 AD.
• The Zwammerdam Barges. Remains of three Roman river barges found in the Netherlands. Ref Skyllis 2/99.
• The Roman warships in Mainz, Germany. Found in 1981-85 in the city's old harbour. Dated to late 3rd and 4th centuries AD. Exhibited in the Museum für Antike Schiffahrt (Museum of Ancient Shipping). Photo of full-scale reconstruction courtesy the museum. Ref IJNA 22.2 1993.
• Utrecht ship. Found during dredging in the Rhine riverbed in 1930. Ca 17 m long. Dated to 790 ± 50 AD. Ref British Museum Encyclopaedia of Underwater and Maritime Archaeology. Link.
• Riverboat from the time of Charlemagne. Found in 1993 in the Rhine near Kalkar and Xanten, Nordrhein-Westfalen. 14 m long flat-bottomed barge, investigated by Julia Cauder-Opladen, dendrodated to 802+/-5 AD. Ref: Archäologie im Rheinland 1993 (Köln 1994) 98 - 99, Archäologie in Deutschland 4/1993, Archäologie in Deutschland 2/2000.
• NZ 43. Late medieval merchant ship, possibly a cog, 9 m long, dated to c 1300 AD, found in 1979 in the drained Zuidersee in the Netherlands.
• Flat-bottomed cargo ship, Lake Constance. This 18 m long hull was salvaged in 1991 by Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Dated to 1st half of 14th century.
• The Kampen Cog, south of Flevoland, Netherlands. Wreck number OZ36, investigated on land in 1983. A replica is based on this ship.
• Bremen cog, Germany, dendro dated to 1380 AD. Found in 1962, excavated and lifted in one piece. The intact hull is 15.5 m long. Restored and displayed at the Schiffahrtsmuseum, Bremerhaven, Germany. Was conserved with PEG during 10 years until 2000. A full-scale replica has been built. Reconstruction photo by J. S. Illsley. Ref Skalk 2/77, Skyllis 1/2000, and IJNA 29.9.2000. Link.
• Aber Wrac'h 1, Finistère, Bretagne, France. Located in 1985, clinker-built and dated to late 14th or early 15th century.
• Cais do Sodré. Portuguese late 15th century ship. Discovered.in Lisbon during a tunnel construction. 
• Nossa Senhora dos Mártires. Portuguese nao sunk in 1606. Probably identical to one of the shipwrecks found at São Julião da Barra, Portugal. Recently excavated.
• Zeerobbe, Dutch East Indiaman. She was leased to commander Tromp as an Admiralty ship, saw action against the second Spanish Armada in 1639 and went down in the Texel roads early in 1640. The likely remains of the broadside were investigated in 1988.
• Burgzand Noord 10. Located by the Dutch authority ROB/NISA in the 1990s on 10 m depth. In the bottom mud in the Wadden Lake off Amsterdam, the remains are well preserved. It is a 40 m long merchant ship dated to c 1650.
• Le Soleil Royal. French 72 gun warship built in Brest in 1669. In 1692 she was under the command of Admiral de Tourville. At the battle of Barfleur, near Cherbourg, she was sunk with several other ships. Some of these wrecks have been excavated by Michel l'Hour.
• HMS Sussex. English 80-gun warship sunk in storm in 1694 off Gibraltar. Only 2 of the 550 men survived. Loaded with plenty of gold and possibly located on 900 m depth by Odyssey Marine Exploration. Link.
• The Galleons in the Vigo Bay, Spain. In 1702 a large English-Dutch navy attacked a French unit and the anchored Spanish fleet unloading silver. Several ships were sunk, perhaps still loaded with silver. But  following salvage attempts only resulted in plenty of wreckage and very little treasure. Possibly, all silver was unloaded before or during the battle. Ref Trésors Engloutis by Pierre de Latil & Jean Rivoire.
• The Wreck of la Natière, Saint-Malo, France. In 1995 the remains of an early 18th century privateer ship was found. Being investigated and presented with a nice video.
• 't Vliegent Hart. Dutch VOC ship sunk in 1735 off the Dutch coast, located in 1981. Results from recent excavations are displayed in the Stedelijk Museum in Vlissingen. A new museum is planned for this shipwreck. Link. Link.
• Le Juste. French 70-gun warship that was badly damaged in the Quiberon Bay battle on 21 November 1759. She retreated but finally sank in the Loire River. The well-reserved and intact hull was discovered in the 1960s. Unfortunately the river was dredged in the 60s and 70s. In those days, legislation and interest was limited, so much of the hull was chewed up by dredging machines. About 40 iron cannon were recovered, but not conserved and eventually destroyed. However, parts of the hull is still on the river bottom (strong current & low visibility) and may some day be investigated. Ref Jean-Yves Blot: Underwater Archaeology – Exploring the World Beneath the Sea.
• l'Océan. French admiral flagship. Sunk in 1756 (or 1759?) at the coast of Algarve, Portugal. Discovered and looted in the 1960s. What was left, was excavated by Francisco Alves in 1984 and 1991. The wreck site now consists of impressively large iron anchors, cannon and concretions. It's open for recreational divers. A very large model of the ship can be seen at the Musée de la Marine, Paris. Photo of anchor by Francisco Alves. Ref O Arqueólogo Português serie IV vol 8/10 1990-92.
• San Pedro De Alcantara. Spanish 64 gun warship sunk off Peniche, Portugal, in 1786 loaded with gold, silver, copper and Peruvian prisoners. Most of the cargo was salvaged already in 1786. Investigated since 1988. Swedish abstract.
• Le Séduisant. French 74 gun warship. Built in 1782 by shipwright J.M.B. Coulomb, in the Mediterranean port of Toulon. It measured 173.3 feet in length and had a beam of 43.7 feet. Sunk in 1796 off Bretagne. The remains were located in 1986. Objects from the ship recovered by Michel Cloâtre are displayed at the Musée de la Marine, Paris.
• Lutine. 32 gun frigate. Transporting 1000 gold bars and 500 silver bars from England to Texel and Hamburg 1799. Grounded on a sand bank, capsized and sunk off Terschelling, which at the time was enemy territory. Only one man survived. The gold was partially salvaged in 1801 and in 1858-60. The remainder of the cargo is still in the wreck, covered by a thick sand layer. Perhaps she will be excavated in the future, and not only for the gold. If so, any gold found will be claimed by Lloyd's, and any archaeological investigation requires permission by Dutch authorities. Ref Trésors Engloutis by Pierre de Latil & Jean Rivoire.
• Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes. Spanish frigate sunk off the Algarve coast, Portugal, in 1804. Sought by treasure hunters. Ref Revista Portuguesa de Arqueologia 2/1998.
• Santissima Trinidad. This was the Spanish admiral ship, sunk by Nelson's fleet during the battle of Trafalgar, south of Cádiz, Spain,  in 1805. She was built by shipbuilder Matthew Mullan in 1769 and carried 140 guns. She sank in deep water and has not yet been located.
• Hirondelle. Swiss side-wheel paddle steamer, built in 1856 and sunk in 1862 in the Geneva Lake. The wreck is on a slope at 40-60 m depth, very well preserved in the sweetwater lake.
• Jura. Passenger paddle steamer built in 1854 and sunk in 1864 in the Bodensee Lake, between Germany, Switzerland and Austria. The ship lies well preserved on 36-38 m depth but is rapidly being destroyed.
• CSS Alabama. Confederate warship, three-masted sail and steam barque built in 1862. This ship tool 60 prize ships before she met her fate in 1854 at the hands of USS Kearsarge. Sunk in battle off Cherbourg, French coast. The remaining fragments were located on 58 m depth in 1984-88 and excavated. Link. Link.
• Colombian. British steamer sunk in 1865 off Ouissant Island, France, 3 survivors, located relatively well preserved on 60 m depth. Diving on the site is only possible during short intervals between the turnings of the strong tidal current. Ref. Archisub.
• Gorgone. Corvette built in 1846 for the French navy as a paddle steamer with iron hull. She carried 4 guns and a crew of 93. Sunk off Ouissant Island, France, a dark December night in 1869. Nobody survived and the sinking remained a mystery until the scattered fragments were located recently on 5-20 m depth. Ref. Archisub.
• European. British steamer sunk in 1877 off Ouissant Island, France. Located on 75 m depth relatively well preserved, with elephant tusks among its cargo. Ref. Archisub.
• Drummond Castle. 111 m long British steamer on its way from Cape Town to London. Sunk in 1881 off Ouissant, France. Of the 146 passengers, 3 survived. Ref. Archisub and Chasse Marée 92, 1995.
• Rhône. Swiss side-wheel paddle steamer, sunk after a collision in 1883 in the Geneva Lake. This ship was a sister ship of l'Hirondelle. Located perfectly preserved on 300 m depth.
• Thermopylae / Pedro Nunes. Thermopylae was built as a composite wood/iron ship in 1868, the year before the Suez canal opened. She and was one of the most famous clipper ships on the tea trade, once racing against the Cutty Sark. Eventually she was bought by the Portuguese navy. Finally in 1907 she was a target ship sunk by a torpedo during a demonstration. Portuguese archaeologists are now (1999) trying to locate the remains on the sand bottom. Link. Link.
• Afrique. Sank in 1920 in the Bay of Biscaye. Steamer transporting Senegalese soldiers home after having served for France during WW1. They never reached their homeland. Of the 256 passengers only 10-15 survived the sinking. Ref. Archisub.
• RMS Lancastria. British troop ship sunk by German bombs in 1940 off the French coast. Between 4500 and 6500 passengers were killed. Link.
• HMS Charybdis. In October 1943 the German blockade runner Münsterland had successfully escaped the American and English Navies in both the Pacific and Atlantic. Then the cruiser HMS Chraybdis was sunk by German torpedoes, trying to stop the transport.
• SS Leopoldville. Allied troop transport headed for Cherbourg. Sunk in December 1944 by German sub U-486. 1400 survived. The wreck was located by Clive Cussler in 1984. It is designated a war grave.